[Effect of camel milk on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic patients]

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of camel and cow milk on blood sugar and lipid profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus, who injected lantus insulin

Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with diabetes mellitus, using lantus insulin injections were randomly allocated two groups of camel milk receivers (19 patients, mean age 59.84+1.05] and cow milk receivers [17 patients, mean age 49.47 + 2.93]. The two groups consumed 500 ml of either camel milk or cow milk daily for three months

Results: Changes in mean glucose levels of the camel milk group were significant, over the study duration and [P<0.05]. HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups [P<0.05]. There was significant reduction of the insulin dose required in the patients receiving camel milk [13.71%], compared to those who received cow milk [0.25%; P0.05]. In the group receiving camel milk, there was a significant increase in HDL-C levels [P<0.05]. There was no difference in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and lipid profiles between the two groups at the end of study [P>0.05]

Conclusion: Camel milk decreased blood sugar, HbA1c and required the insulin dose required in diabetes mellitus patients, who inject lantus insulin and in could also contribute to glycemic control in these patients

[Effect of eight weeks aerobic trainingon serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in women]

Cardiovascular diseases are the most significant factors leading to death. This study was done to determine the effect of eight weeks aerobic training on level serum lipid and lipoprotein in non athletic women. This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 30 non athletic women. Subjects were devided into control and experimental groups through gained Vo[2]max. HDL-c, total cholesterol [TC], LDL-c, VLDL-c, RF [TC/HCL] and subdermal fat percent were evaluted perior and after training for eight weeks as follow: three session in each weeks with one hour aerobic training in each session. Data analyzed using SPSS-14 and independent and dependent T student tests. The significant reduction of RF, TC and percent of subdermal fat were observed in experimental group after training in comparison with prieor phase [P<0.05]. Significant reduction of RF, LDL-C, TC and subdermal fat were observed in experimental group in comparison with contols after training [P<0.05]. The increase of HDL-c and reduction of TG and VLDL-c were observed in experimental group compared to control but these differences were not significant. This study showed that aerobic training reduce total cholesterol, LDL-c, RF and percent of subdermal fat in non athletic women

[Acute treadmill exercise increases heat shock protein 72 and total antioxidant capacity level in the streptozotocin- induced diabetic rat Hippocampus]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute treadmill exercise on Hsp72 and TAC in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Forty male rats, weight 165 +/- 1 g, were assigned randomly into 4 groups: Diabetic control group, and 3 diabetic+acute training groups, including groups 1,2 and 3, the animals of which were sacrificed 30 minutes, 4 hours and 24 hours postexercise respectively. Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin [STZ; 0/5 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5] into the abdominal cavity. Rats were subjected to treadmill exercise, [treadmill speed 10 m/min, gradually increased to 18 m/min, grade 0%, duration exercise 60 min]. Data were analysed with one-way Anova and tukey post hoc, P

[Prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women of Isfahan, Iran]

There are limited studies concerning the prevalence of gestational diabetes [GDM] in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for GDM in Isfahan, and to compare the results of selective and universal GDM screening methods. In a cross - sectional study conducted between June 2003 and March 2005, GDM universal screening [based on the Carpenter and Coustan criteria] was done for pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, referred to the Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center; 1112 pregnant women with no history of diabetes underwent 50 gr glucose challenge test [GCT]. Cases with blood sugar >/= 130 mg/dL were considered positive and underwent a 3-hour, 100 gr glucose tolerance test [OGTT]; this was also done randomly in some of negative GCT cases. OGTT was performed in 245 GCT - positive cases and 130 women with negative G.C.T, GDM was diagnosed in 67 and 6 women respectively, showing a total prevalence of 6.76% for GDM. Of all pregnant women, 23.2% were classified as a low-risk group, including only 2 diagnosed cases of GDM [2.7% of all GDM cases]. Among risk factors, only age, pre-pregnancy BMI and gravidity were significantly correlated with GDM. There is a moderate prevalence of GDM in Isfahan; a selective GDM screening method seems to be more appropriate for this community

[Youth employment and its challenges]

The youth unemployment issue is one of the most important issues in country's macro planning. Although the youth unemployment rate is available through labour force survey but the youth employment challenge and issues they suffer in their first entry into the labour market, finding and maintaining decent jobs, can not be studied through results of mentioned surveys. For gathering above information, International Labour Organization has designed the School-to-Work Transition Survey [SWTS]. The results of this survey helps countries improve their youth employment policy and planning. For discovering the issues that country's young suffer for entrance to the labour market, SWTS has carried out in 3 selected provinces of the country in 2005 with probability sampling scheme and 2925 sample households. Based on survey results, the most important barriers of the youth successful transition are as follows: - Around one third of the youth have stated self-employment as their preferable employment status. Since the self-employment share in the country's economy has had a descending trend and the unpaid family worker share an ascending trend over the recent years, another problem appears in the youth employment- The country's disorganized labour market and the weak role of the recruitment and place of education institutions have caused most of youth to be seeking for work informally, enjoying limited of work options consequently. For this reason, a great percent of the economically active youth [employed or unemployed have stated not having a reference as one of obstacles in finding a job and only a small percent of the youth have been seeking 'or work through recruitment and place of education institutions. The most important obstacle in finding a job from the attitude of the most of the economically active youth is the limited number of job opportunities caused by the labour force supply surplus, mainly due to the high population growth rate in the 1978-88 decade and shortage of labour force demand. Moreover, the participation rate has increased as a result of increase in the youth educational level that has been more sensible in the female youth. In the opinion of many economically active youths the educations and trainings received, may not facilitate their access to employment. Also, most employers have considered the youths' educational and training level and their ability in applying the instructions to the working environment, relatively weak. This problem arises from the lack of interaction between educational institutions and labour market that may not include the labour market needs in the country's educational system contents. In addition, such an interaction could considerably increase the role of the educational institutions in keeping the youth informed of available job opportunities. In opinion of more than half of the youth, there is sex discrimination in employment promotion in the labour market. Also, since the absolute majority of employers prefer to hire males, inequality of job opportunities for males and females really exists at least in the private sector wage and salary earning employment. -Considering the fact that the great majority of the self-employed youths depend on their households' financial support or their own savings for starting their business, it is certain that the youths from the low-income households would face more problems in their transition and the self-employment is the choice only for the youths from wealthy households. The youth with higher education has experienced easier transition than the youth with lower secondary educations and high school. Therefore, the youths' failure in their admittance to the university is an obstacle to access the easy transition Also, the mismatch between the limited university admittance in various fields and specializations required by the labour market, prevents the more successful transition of the young university graduates

Is cholera outbreak related to climate factors? report of seven year study from 21th March 1998-to 21th March 2004 in Iran

Cholera is a main food and water borne diseases world wide. This study was conducted to in order to find out is there any relation between Cholera outbreak and climate factors. The number of cholera infection during seven years [1998-2004] compared with the same year climate data. In addition the epidemiology of infection was surveyed in order to find out the possible link. The results of this study indicated that with decreasing or increasing from minimum or maximum range of temperature the outbreaks is dropped down sharply. The humidity around 50% is also prepared the best condition for the outbreak too. Cholera outbreaks could be related with many climate factors. Some factors including moderate temperature [25°C] and humidity increase the risk of epidemic conditions. However the rainfall above 294 mm in the rain seasons and high temperature above 49.6 in hot seasons are the major factors which could be related to cholera epidemic